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Türkmen Language

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10.0 Goşylmalar (suffixes)

Letters, goşylmalar (suffixes), are added to verbs to change their function.

10.1: Passive

Adding these goşylmalar (suffixes) changes the verb to passive voice where the doer of the sentence is unspoken.

-yl/-il; -ul/-ül; -l

Meniň ejem uly halyny dokady.=
My mother made/wove a big carpet.
şu haly ýüňden dokyldy.=
This carpet was made/woven from wool.

şu ýyl iki ýazyjy täze hekaýalary döretdiler.=
This year two writers created new stories.
Ýaňy-ýakynda şäherimiz hakynda täze goşgy döretildi.=
A new poem was written about our city.

 10.2: Reflexive

Adding these goşylmalar make the verb reflexive where the action of the sentence has its effect on the person or thing that does the action.

-yn/-in; -un/-ün; -n

Günde meniň joralarymy görýärin.=
I see my girlfriends everyday.
Ol işe gidip görenip gaýtdy.=
He went to work, showed himself and left.

Kakam paltany maşyna söýedi.=
My father leaned the axe against the car.
Men ardamyny diwara söýendim.=
I leaned my back against the wall.

10.3: Reciprocal

Adding these goşylmalar make the verb exchanged between two people or groups, or given and recieved in return.

-yş /-iş ; -uş /üş ; -ş

Maral jigisini gyjaklady.=
Maral hugged her little brother/sister.
Dostlar gyjaklaşdylar we ogşaşdylar.=
The friends hugged and kissed each other.

Sen Selbini gördüňmi?=
Did you see Selbi?
Biz göreş ip salamlaşdyk.=
We saw and greeted each other.

10.4: Causitive

Adding these goşylmalar makes the subject of the verb also the cause of an action or state.

-dyr/-dir; -dur/-dür;-yr/-ir; -ur/-ür; -uz,-üz; -ar/-er; -der/-dar; -t

Men şu kitap bilen gyzyklanamok.=
I am not interested in this book.
Meniň mugallymym maňa Türkmen goş gularany öwrenmäge gyzyklandyrdy.=
My teacher got me interested in Turkmen poetry.

Mergen öýe gelip derrew yatdy.=
Mergen came home and went to sleep right away.
Gülşat çagalaryny giç ýatardy.=
Gulshat put her children to bed late.

Men Aýnabady görenimde güldim.=
When I saw Ainabat, I laughed.
Ol gülkunçli degişme aýdanynda dostlaryny gülderdi.=
He made his friends laugh when he told a funny joke.

Men ýerde çökip güllerini çöpledim.=
I knelt on the ground and picked flowers.
Çopan düýäni çökerdi.=
The shepherd made the camel kneel down.

Tomsuna hemme adama ir turýar.=
Everyone gets up/wakes up early in the summer.
Sagat onda maňa turuzsana!=
Wake me up at 10 o'clock!

Ol işini etdi.=
He did the work.
Ol meni holynda işletdi.=
He made me work in the yard.

Only görmek=to see uses goşulma -kez in its causitive form:

Olar bizi köçede gördiler.=
They saw us on the street.
Men suratlarymy jorama görkezýärin.=
I am showing my friend my pictures.

11.0 Four Important Modal Verbs: otyr, ýatyr, dur, ýör

Four verbs in Turkmen, oturmak, ýatmak, durmak, and ýörmek, have special 3rd person singular forms, otyr, ýatyr, dur, and ýör, respectively, that can be used alone or with compound verb structures to indicate a continuous action or the physical position of something. Personal endings are added to these 3rd person forms as such:

*The 3rd person singular, ýör, is used alone only in certain regional dialects.

Examples of the use of the three above forms are as follows:

Myrat şu wagt ýatyr=Myrat is sleeping now.

Meniň dostum mugallymlar jaýynda otyr=My friend is sitting in the teachers' room.

Maşynym mekdebiňiziň öňünde dur=My car is in front of your school.

In compound structures, these verbs' meanings are retained only in that they indicate the position of the doer of the action:

Ol okap ýatyr=He is reading. (while lying down)

Men çaý içip otyryn=I'm drinking tea. (while seated)

Ol taýda toý gidip dur=There's a party going on over there. (in one place)

Sag-aman işläp ýörsiňizmi?=Are you (safely) working? (continuously)

Physical objects capable of continuous action but not movement such as cars, refrigerators, electricity, and televisions, use dur in compound structures:

Swet ýanyp dur=The lights are on.
Holodilnik işläp dur=The refrigerator is running.
Duhowka ýanyp dur=The oven is hot (on).

 

"Note: This Turkmen Grammar is Copyrighted © 1996 Jon Garrett, Meena Pallipamu, and Greg Lastowka. All rights are reserved. The full dictionary is available at www.chaihana.com."

 

 

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