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The suffix -çy or -çi, according to
vowel harmony, functions like -ist
or -er in English to denote occupation,
profession, or position.
|
iş |
work |
işçi |
worker |
|
okuw |
school |
okuwçy |
pupil |
In certain cases where the verbs are made into nouns, the
suffix becomes -jy or -ji:
|
diňlemek |
to listen |
diňleıji |
audience/listener |
|
okamak |
to read |
okaıjy |
reader |
|
ıasamak |
to craft |
ıasaıjy |
master |
The suffix, -dar can
make personal nouns out of other nouns. It is unaffected by vowel harmony.
|
bergi |
debt |
bergidar |
debtor |
|
tarap |
side |
tarapdar |
suppoter |
The suffix -keş personalizes certain nouns
indicative of a particular cistom or habit.
|
gybat |
gossip |
gybatkeş |
gossipper |
|
nas |
chewing tabacco |
naskeş |
tobacco chewer |
|
çilim |
cigarette |
çilimkeş |
smoker |
The suffixes -siz, -suz, or -syz,
according to vowel harmony, mean without or un-.
|
tertip |
order |
tertipsiz |
disorderly |
|
howp |
danger |
howpsyz |
secure |
|
jan |
spirit |
jansyz |
inanimate |
These suffixes function to create abstract nouns, like
-hood, -ness, or -ity in English. They
adhere to vowel harmony.
|
gözel |
beautiful |
gözellik |
beauty |
|
köp |
much, many |
köplük |
collective |
|
çaga |
child |
çagalyk |
childhood |
|
mert |
brave |
mertlik |
braveness |
These suffixes can also make nouns and adjectives from
numerical expressions.
|
bäş |
five |
bäşlik |
five-Dollar/Manat note |
|
bir ıyl |
one year |
bir ıyllyk |
a year's worth |
|
on üç |
thirteen |
on üçlük |
bus #13 |
These suffixes make nouns and adjectives which show
purpose.
|
gün |
day |
gündelik |
diary |
|
ıetmek |
to suffice |
ıeterli |
enough |
|
el |
hand |
ellik |
glove |
The prefix bi- expresses the idea of without-.
It does not affect, nor is subject to, vowel harmony.
|
tarap |
side |
bitarap |
neautral |
|
günä |
sin,
guilt |
bigünä |
innocent |
The above forms can then combine with the -lik/-lük/-lyk/-luk forms to form nouns.
bitaraplyk neutrality
bigünälik innocence
These suffixes adhere to the rules of vowel harmony
and act as adjective clauses do in English, as in the following examples:
Men şol
kinodaky gyzy halamok.
I don't like the girl in that film.
Tejendäki mugallymlar
biziň ıygnagymyza gelıärler.
The teachers from Tejen are coming to our meeting.
Aşgabatdaky çörek
biziňkiden gowy.
The bread in Ashgabat is better than ours.
Öıüňizdäkilere köp salam aıt!
Say "hi" to those at your house.
10njy "A" klasdaky okuwçylaryň tertibi
gowy däl.
The pupils of the 10th "A" class are not well behaved.
Eliňdäkini aıyr!
Get rid of what's in your hand!
Parkyň içindäki gazly suw şäherimiziň iň gowysy.
The juice in the park is the best in our city.
Mekdebiň ıanyndaky
howlyda toı bar.
There's a party in the yard next to the school.
Men şu köınekdäki ıakany gowy görıärin.
I like the yoke (collar) of this dress.
Öten ıyldaky
hasyl bu ıylydakydan köpdi.
Last year's harvest was more than this year's
"Note: This Turkmen Grammar is Copyrighted © 1996 Jon Garrett, Meena
Pallipamu, and Greg Lastowka. All rights are reserved. The full dictionary is
available at www.chaihana.com."
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